The title became extinct in 1771 after the death of the 6th Baron. The black and gold quarters were the arms of the Calverts themselves, while the red and silver were for the Crosslands, the family of the 1st Baron's mother, Alice. Cecil Calvert succeeded as The 2nd Baron Baltimore upon his father's death in April 1632. The Great Seal of Maryland, which was stolen in 1645, was replaced by a similar seal by Cecil. Lord Baltimore's family also had title to Ferryland and the Province of Avalon in Newfoundland. Lord Baltimore, also known as George Calvert, 1st Baron of Baltimore, was interested in the English colonization of the New World to establish a refuge for England's Catholic population. The Naming of the Maryland Colony King Charles I of England specified that the name for the new colony was to be called Maryland in honor of his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria. [clarification needed], He married The Hon. The title became extinct in 1771 after the death of the 6th Baron. Quarterly, 1st and 4th Paly of six Or and Sable a bend counterchanged (Calvert). [8] William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and his Star Chamber campaigned against both Puritans and Catholics. He had previously appointed a representative to act on his behalf, this man was Captain Wynne. ThoughtCo, Aug. 27, 2020, thoughtco.com/lord-baltimore-104356. George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, also called (1617–25) Sir George Calvert, (born 1578/79, Kipling, Yorkshire, Eng.—died April 15, 1632), English statesman who projected the founding of the North American province of Maryland, in an effort to find a … He was born in Yorkshire, England and studied at Trinity College at Oxford. By using ThoughtCo, you accept our. When Cecil, second Lord Baltimore, founded the colony of Maryland, he expanded on his father's ideas of freedom of religion and separation of church and state. [13] With these last instructions, the expedition crossed the Atlantic and sailed through Cape Charles (headland) and Cape Henry into the large harbour and lower bay called Hampton Roads at the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay and the mouth of the James River. He received the proprietorship after the death of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579 – 15 April 1632), for whom it had been intended. Calvert, however, became discouraged with the colony's cold climate and … It is called Maryland, or "Mary's land," after Henrietta Maria, the wife of the king at that time. He also inherited the colonies and lands owned by his father. [2] He also continued to be Lord Proprietor and Governor of Newfoundland for the Province of Avalon. The territory was named Maryland in honor of Henrietta Maria, the queen consort of Charles I. Baron Baltimore or Lord Baltimore, of Baltimore Manor in County Longford, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. The Lords Baltimore: Establishing Religious Freedom. Maryland was founded as a so-called proprietary colony, owned by Lord Baltimore. On this day in 1634, the first immigrant arrived in the British colony at Maryland, which later formed the core of the U.S. state of the same name. [3] He was the first of several sons of the couple. The colony failed due to disease, extreme cold and attacks by the French and the family returned to England. In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the "Act Concerning Religion", mandating religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians only (those who profess faith in the "Holy Trinity" – Father, Son and Holy Spirit, excluding Nontrinitarian faiths). The first colonists to Maryland arrive at St. Clements Island on Marylands western shore and found the settlement of St. Marys. Courthouse in the 1980s) facing Saint Paul Street and a small Court Plaza with a fountain. The later reunification of the two squares of the colonial seal and proprietary family's coat-of-arms in the increased use of a "Maryland Flag" in the late 19th and early 20th centuries symbolised the post-war reconciliation of the two sides of the bitterly divided border state. The Second Lord Baltimore left an important legacy in the Maryland colony concerning religious freedom. The Province of Maryland—also known as the Maryland Colony—was founded in 1632 as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe. George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore (1580?–1632), planned the colony but did not live to see it formed. The new colony was named after Henrietta Maria, the wife of the king. Each group member will choose a role (professor, graphic designer or scribe). As an English Roman Catholic, he continued the legacy of his father by promoting religious tolerance in the colony. [U.S.]), first governor of Maryland colony.. Leonard Calvert was the younger brother of Cecilius Calvert and the son of George Calvert, 1st Lord Baltimore. George was an English politician who served as Secretary of State to King James I. Leonard Calvert, (born c. 1606, England—died June 9, 1647, St. Mary’s, Md. It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Sir Robert Cecil, who worked for King James I, hired George to be his secretary. For every five men transported, 1,000 acres was granted. Think early Newfoundlanders lived in hovels on a diet of fish, fish and more fish? In fact, the colony's name isn't something Lord Baltimore chose. This page was last edited on 15 December 2020, at 04:41. Lord Baltimore's Colony. The enterprise took place in the context of serious unrest in England. Calvert attempted to stay closely involved in the governance of the colony, though he never visited it. Harford County is named for Henry Harford, the illegitimate son of The 6th Baron Baltimore. Your students will work in small groups of three to create a visual that portrays the characteristics of Maryland Colony. Lord Baltimore (the younger) was a convert to Catholicism. But long before this time, under the guid-ance of their … Calvert of Maryland; a story of Lord Baltimore's colony . Parish records state that he is buried at St. Giles-in-the-Fields Church, London, UK,[19] though the exact location of his grave is unknown. Cecil Calvert was born on 8 August 1605 in Kent, England, to George Calvert, who was later created, in 1625, The 1st Baron Baltimore, and Anne Mynne (or Mayne). The principles upon which Lord Baltimore launched his brief Colony of Avalon have considerable importance, beyond the scale of the settlement itself. Subsequently, the charter and land settlement was left to his son, Cecil Calvert. In 1633, before the first colonists departed England, Lord Baltimore published a document, called Conditions of Plantation, which used a system called head rights for the purposes of populating his colony. Thus, in American history, Lord Baltimore usually refers to Cecil Calvert. Nov 15, 2018 - Creating visuals for topics in history truly helps the content come alive! Several days later, they returned downstream and founded the first settlement at St. Mary's City (in the future St. Mary's County), on 27 March 1634, on land purchased from the native Yaocomico tribe, a branch of the Piscataway Indians. Information and Facts with the Maryland Colony Fact File Fast facts and interesting … At this point there were few Marylanders yet in residence. LORD BALTIMORE AND HIS FREEDOM IN GRANTING RELIGIOUS TOLERATION A little band of pilgrims, sent out from England by the Catholic Lord Baltimore, landed at St. Clement's Island on March 25th, 1634. The 2nd Lord Baltimore fought against the new Charter. Bishop O'Gorman briefly recites the careers of George and Cecil Calvert, Lords Baltimore, of whom the first undertook to found a colony, which he called Avalon, in commemoration of the tradition that it was at a place of that name that Christianity was first preached in England, on the south-eastern peninsula of Newfouudland, which locality proved … Baltimore is an Anglicization of the Irish phrase "baile an thí mhóir e," which means "town of the big house.". Download this stock image: . For instance, there is Calvert County, Cecil County, and Calvert Cliffs. When he came to Newfoundland in 1627he brought with him two Roman Catholic priests, one of whom remained at the Colony of Avalon through 1629. In 1625, Geroge publicly declared his Catholicism. f my father, and it was because of his fair wordsand promises that I am waiting here in an inn nearthe waterside of our goodly city of London, until wordshall be sent that I may go on board the ship Ark,which lies at anchor close by. The Calvert family sought enactment of the law to protect Catholic settlers and Nonconformist Protestants who did not conform to the established Church of England. Involving himself with colonies in the Americas, he was at first rewarded with a title to land in Avalon, Newfoundland in present-day Canada. Before settlement began, … Do you remember that in the year of grace, 1627,Lord Baltimore … Soon, the proprietor was having to rule with consultation of the freemen of the colony. Two years after leaving Newfoundland he obtained for himself and his heirs the concession of a vast stretch of land to the north of the Potomac River, the future state of Maryland. For more information see: State of Maryland (Chapter 48, Acts of 1904, effective 9 March 1904), Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore (1605–1675), English and Catholic: the Lords Baltimore in the Seventeenth Century, St Giles-in-the-Fields Church Website Section: Global Connections, Md. 2nd and 3rd Quarterly Argent and Gules over all a cross bottony counterchanged (Crosslands). Baron, or Lord, Baltimore is a now extinct title of nobility in the Peerage of Ireland. The seal features the Calvert arms and motto, which is still used in the Government of Maryland. Sir George and his son, Cecil Calvert, were British subjects rewarded with land in the new world. He was known as the second Baron Baltimore. This act mandated religious tolerance for Trinitarian Christians only. The colony was established by Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (also known as Lord Baltimore), who also governed the Colony of Newfoundland and the Province of Avalon. When the Crown realised that settlers from Virginia had already crossed the bay to begin settling the southern tip of their eastern shore, the grant was revised to include the eastern shore only as far south as a line drawn east from the mouth of the Potomac River (including the future State of Delaware). Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord of Baltimore, founded Maryland in 1632. Other Maryland cities and counties honor Lord Baltimore by naming themselves after him. Kelly, Martin. [8] As a result, the Puritans and Separatists began to emigrate to New England in Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Passed on 21 September 1649, by the General Assembly of the Maryland colony, it was the first law establishing religious tolerance in the British North American colonies. Everyday low … The original grant would have included the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay as far south as the Potomac River and the entirety of the eastern shore (future "Delmarva" peninsula). The title was first created for Sir George Calvert in 1624. Colonial Governments of the Original 13 Colonies, Founding and History of the New Jersey Colony, Biography of Bartolomé de Las Casas, Spanish Colonist, The Founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution. This was a severe stigma for a nobleman in 17th century England, where Roman Catholics were considered enemies of the crown and traitors to their country. Calvert was instrumental in the British settlement of Avalon, located off of the coast of Canada's Newfoundland. Baron, or Lord, Baltimore is a now extinct title of nobility in the Peerage of Ireland. Today, on-going work at the Colony is changing the way we understand that past. Established in 1621 by Sir George Calvert (the First Lord Baltimore), the Colony of Avalon is widely recognized as the best preserved early English colonial site in North America. By the age of 26, Baltimore had been thrust into the leadership of the young colony of Maryland thanks to an agreement by his father with the English King, Charles I. Numerous place names honour the Barons Baltimore, including the counties of Baltimore, Calvert, Cecil, Charles, and Frederick. As a result, the province was divided into proprietary manors. (1605-1675) Cecil Calvert was still a young man of 26 years when his father Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, died. Officially, it was adopted as the State flag in 1904.[27]. The title was first created for Sir George Calvert in 1624. [11] They departed from Gravesend in Kent with 128 settlers on board. The bird in turn inspired the name of the Baltimore Orioles baseball team. During his long tenure, he governed through deputies: the first was his younger brother Leonard Calvert (1606–1647),[16] and the last was his only son Charles. Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and second of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776, when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and became the U.S. state of Maryland. Claiborne, the trader on Kent Island, resisted the new settlement and conducted some naval skirmishes against it.[15]. ThoughtCo. The This was shortly after the death, in April 1632, of his father, The 1st Baron Baltimore, who had long sought the charter to found a colony in the mid-Atlantic area to serve as a refuge for English Roman Catholics. (2020, August 27). [1] Anne's father built Hook Manor, a country house near Semley, Wiltshire for her in 1637 and gave the house (which still stands) to the couple in 1639.[18]. Although precluded by his birth status from inheriting the peerage, he inherited the Lord Proprietorship, only to lose it later during the American Revolution. [11] There, two Jesuit priests (including Father Andrew White) and nearly 200 more settlers boarded before the ships set out across the Atlantic Ocean. Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (8 August 1605 – 30 November 1675), was an English nobleman who was the first Proprietor of the Province of Maryland, ninth Proprietary Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland and second of the colony of Province of Avalon to its southeast. The 1st Baron Baltimore administered the colony between 1629 and 1632, when he left for the Colony of Virginia and later visited the northern reaches along the Chesapeake Bay (which included the future Maryland). A 1908 statue of Cecil, Lord Baltimore, for which Francis X. Bushman served as sculptor's model,[26] stands on the steps at the west entrance of the Circuit Courthouse of Baltimore City (built 1896–1900 – renamed the Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. They had nine children. In 1628, Cecil accompanied his father, Lord Baltimore, along with most of his siblings and his stepmother, to the new Colony of Newfoundland. There they erected a cross and celebrated their first Mass with Father White. Maryland Colony began as a proprietary colony of the English Lord Baltimore, who wished to create a haven for English Catholics in the new world at the time of the European wars of religion. They were trying to regain their original Charter, including the entirety of the new Maryland colony, which had previously been included within the domains described as a part of Virginia. Martin Kelly, M.A., is a history teacher and curriculum developer. In 1637, however, Sir David Kirke acquired a charter giving Cecil, 2nd Baron Baltimore, title to the entire island of Newfoundland, superseding the charter granted to his father George, 1st Baron Baltimore. During the Civil War, the black and gold chevrons were used as a symbol on uniforms and flags by the Northern (Union) Maryland soldiers and units and the bottonee cross from the Crosslands by the Southern (Confederate) regiments from Maryland. At the time, his father was under pressure for conformity, and all ten children were baptised in the Church of England.[4]. They were Cecil, second Lord Baltimore (1605?–1675) and … It is the site of annual "Maryland Day" (25 March) ceremonies which continue inside the elaborate lobby and ceremonial courtrooms. After meeting with the Virginians at their colony and capital of Jamestown, they continued up the Bay to the Potomac River, then further upstream and landed on 25 March 1634 at Blakistone Island (later called St. Clement's Island). [8] Rather than going to the colony himself, Baltimore stayed behind in England to deal with the political threat and sent his next younger brother Leonard in his stead. [8] In 1629, King Charles I had dissolved Parliament and governed for the next eleven years without consultation from any representative body. Colonial Maryland was a southern colony. The flag first flew 11 October 1880, in Baltimore by the newly reorganised Maryland National Guard (state militia) at a parade marking the 150th anniversary of the founding of Baltimore Town (1729–1730). It is accepted he did this exclusively to maintain possession of the colony during the civil war, as his loyalties were with King Charles. The Calvert family was Roman Catholic, a religion which most inhabitants of the New World and followers of the Church of England were prejudiced against. Early in 1634 the colonists entered Chesapeake Bay and sailed to the mouth of the Potomac. Its first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, in the southern end of St. Mary's County, which is a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay and is also bordered by four tidal rivers. In Maryland, Baltimore sought to create a haven for British Catholics and to demonstrate that Catholics and … [7] Supporters in England of the Virginia colony opposed the Charter, as they had little interest in having a competing colony to the north. I. Lord Baltimore's Colony A. [6] In questions of interpretation of rights, the Charter would be interpreted in favour of the proprietor. Cecil Calvert was the 2nd Lord Baltimore. In 1649, Maryland passed the Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the "Act Concerning Religion." Lord Baltimore governed Maryland for forty-two years. The history of Colony of Avalon does not stop with Lord Baltimore’s death. They then sailed in October 1632 for the Isle of Wight to pick up more settlers. Baltimore is an Anglicization of the Irish phrase "baile an thí mhóir e," which means "town of the big house." The Flag of Maryland uses the arms of the 2nd Baron with the Calvert (father's family) black and gold paly (6 vertical bars), with a bend dexter counterchanged, and the Crossland (mother's family) red and white bottony (tre-foiled) counterchanged cross. [4] His father, The 1st Baron Baltimore, converted to Catholicism in 1625, and it is likely that his children followed him; at least his sons did. Later, her name became the inspiration for the naming of one of the earliest counties to be "erected" (founded), namely Anne Arundel County, Maryland. His title was "First Lord Proprietary, Earl Palatine of the Provinces of Maryland and Avalon in America". What was the colony of Maryland known for? Jesuit priest Andrew White was among the first immigrants, and he held the first Holy Mass there on this day. Although Maryland was an early pioneer of religious toleration in the English colonies, religious dissent among Anglicans, Puritans, Catholics, and Quakers was common in the early … Lord Baltimore's dream of founding a colony in America did not fade with his return to England. On 8 August 1633, the new Lord Baltimore, as Cecil was now, was admitted to Gray's Inn as a barrister.[3]. [1] He was succeeded by his son and heir, Charles. Named the colony Maryland in honor of the King's wife 2. https://www.thoughtco.com/lord-baltimore-104356 (accessed February 5, 2021). Of the nine, only three, including Charles, 3rd Baron Baltimore, survived to adulthood. At the same time the Maryland Toleration Act was passed, in the Puritan colony of Massachusetts, blasphemy, a statement showing contempt for God, was punishable by death. 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